中文摘要：

利用实测的念青唐古拉山脉南坡海拔4800m和5333m,以及北坡5400m的土壤温、湿度和地表气温一年的数据,对该地区水热特征作了初步分析,结果表明：地、气温差冬季大夏季小,且相对邻近地区偏大。同时地温与气温有良好相关,但随深度增加,相关系数减小。土壤热力梯度的方向低海拔由下而上,高海拔则相反。土壤湿度高海拔略大于低海拔,干季和湿季分别受冻融过程和印度洋季风降水影响。高海拔冻结期比低海拔长3～4个月,其下层土壤湿度在冻融交替期表现一个剧烈的跃变现象。念青唐古拉山南、北坡海拔相近区域相同层位土壤温度差异在0～8℃之间。南坡土壤温度年平均高于北坡3～4℃。南坡冻结比北坡晚而融化比北坡早,上层土壤湿度南坡小于北坡,而下层土壤湿度南坡大于北坡,南北坡水热过程存在明显差异。

英文摘要：

A preliminary study was carried out on the hydrothermal characteristics in the Nyainqentanglha mountainous region,using one-year observation data of air temperature,three layers of soil temperature and moisture from two sites at 4800 m a.s.l. and 5333 m a.s.l. on the southern slope,and one site at 5400 m a.s.l. on the northern slope. The results indicated that the differences between soil and air temperatures were greater in winter than in summer,and they were generally larger compared to the nearby areas. The soil thermal gradient could be inverse between higher and lower elevations. The soil at the higher elevation was slightly wetter than at the lower one. The soil moisture at the studied sites was dominated by the freeze-thaw cycle during dry season and by Indian monsoon precipitation during the wet season,respectively. The freezing period at the higher elevation was 3 to 4 months longer than at the lower place. The soil moisture at the lower depth （50 cm） for the higher elevation showed mutation near the phase changing point. The soil temperature differences for the same horizon between the southern and northern slopes of the Nyainqentanglha Mts. were within 0 -8℃. The soil temperatures on the southern slope was on average 3-4℃ greater than the northern counterpart. The southern slope showed latter freeze but earlier thaw compared to the northern one. The soil at the upper depth （5 cm） for the southern slope was drier than that for the northern counterpart. In contrast,the soil at the lower depth （50 cm） on the southern slope was wetter for than the northern slope. The hydrothermal characteristics showed differences between the two parts of the Nyainqentanglha Mts.