中文摘要：

核酸及其类似物在生物学和生物化学领域得到了长足进展.金属离子-碱基对结合代表一种简洁的在特定位置将核酸功能化的方法,其出现拓宽了功能核酸及其类似物的应用范围.在这类碱基对中,比较典型的是T-Hg^2＋-T和C-Ag^＋-C碱基对.本文总结T-Hg^2＋-T和C-Ag^＋-C碱基对的研究进展及其在分析和检测方面的应用进展,包括Hg^2＋/Ag^＋与T/C结合的方式、结合比例、对DNA螺旋结构的稳定作用、T-Hg^2＋-T和C-Ag^＋-C碱基对相关的晶型结构及其在DNA螺旋中的3D排布信息等;同时总结Hg^2＋/Ag^＋-嘧啶碱基对结构和形成机理的研究现状以及在检测技术方面的应用,包括各种形式的金属离子探针、蛋白质探针、小分子探针和单核甘酸多态性检测等.其中金属离子检测的应用最为广泛,与光谱技术、可视化技术和放大技术等的结合使用大大推动了快速灵敏检测技术的发展.建议今后加强T-Hg^2＋-T和C-Ag^＋-C结合作用机理的研究,同时在研究方法上注重与其它新型技术的结合,进一步拓宽其在实际应用中的范围.

英文摘要：

Nucleic acids and their analogues are getting more and more attention.Metal-mediated base pairs as a kind of simple and functionalized nucleic acids in special positions have widened the scope of application of functional nucleic acids and their analogues.In this type of base pairs,the representative is the interaction between metal ions and pyrimidine bases,especially the research on thymine-Hg^2＋-thymine（T-Hg^2＋-T） and cytosine-Ag^＋-cytosine（C-Ag^＋-C） base pairs.This review summarizes the structure and mechanism of metal-mediate pyrimidine base pairs as well as the application in the biochemical analysis.It explores the mode and ratio of coordination between metal ions and base pairs,the effects on the stability of DNA helical structure,the related crystal structure and the three-dimensional configuration information in the DNA helix.The analytical application mainly includes various probes of metal ions,small molecules,protein and the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism.Among them the most widely used metal ions detection,and its combination with spectrum technology,visualization and amplification technology greatly promoted the rapid development of sensitive detection technology.In further studies,it is necessary to reveal the mechanism of interaction between T-Hg^2＋-T and C-Ag^＋-C,and more attention should be paid to combining of T-Hg^2＋-T and C-Ag^＋-C base pairs with other new technologies.The scope of practical application should also be further extended.