中文摘要：

根据油田外排水中常见铁细菌的16SrRNA特异性保守序列，设计和合成了4种荧光探针，利用荧光原位杂交方法，分别利用它们对胜利油田孤岛采油厂、胜利采油厂1号和2号综合处理站外排水中存在的铁细菌的种类和数量进行检测，分析了各外排水中铁细菌的群落结构．结果表明，利用基因探针能快速对胜利油田外排水中的铁细菌进行检测：在孤岛采油厂、胜利采油厂1号和2号综合处理站的外排水中，利用4种探针的组合探针检测到的铁细菌细胞数量分别占样品中微生物总细胞数量的11．0％、12．8％和9．0％，其中Leptothrix和Sphaerotilus，以及Leptospirillum ferriphilum为胜利油田外排水中的3种优势铁细菌，分别占水样中总微生物细胞数的2．94％±0．52％～3．39％±0．52％和2．24％±0．16％-2．63％±0．49％；而Leptospirillum ferrooxidans和Acidithiobacillus spp．的种群则较小．3个污水处理站中铁细菌群落结构差异较大，而多样性相差不大．利用4种探针的各种组合对外排水中铁细菌的检测表明，单探针能够很好地分析外排水中铁细菌的群落结构，而组合探针能快速、较准确地检测外排水中铁细菌的数量，比传统的绝迹稀释法具有快速、准确、直观等优点．图1表5参14

英文摘要：

Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） with 16S rRNA - targeted oligonucleotide probes was applied for analyzing the community of iron bacteria in wastewater from the Shengli Oil Field. Four 16S rRNA probes were designed, which were highly specific to iron bacteria Leptothrix , Sphaerotilus , Leptospirillum ferrooxidans , Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithioba- cillus spp. In the water samples from Gudao, and No. 1 and 2 wastewater stations of the Shengli Oil Field, the ratios of amount of iron bacterial cells to total microbial cells, detected by the combination of the 4 probes and DAPI staining, were 11.0%, 12.8% and 9.0%, respectively. In the iron bacterial community, Leptothrix, Sphaerotilus and L. ferriphilum were dominant in the 3 stations, and Leptothrix and Sphaerotilus, and L. ferriphilum cells to accounted for 2.94% ± 0.52% , 3.39% ± 0.52% and 2.24% ± 0.16% , 2.63% ± 0.49% of the total microbial cells, respectively, while L. ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus spp. were smaller populations. In addition, the structure of the iron bacterial community was different among the three wastewater stations although the biodiversity of the iron bacteria was similar. Fig. 1, Tab 5, Ref 14