中文摘要：

建立了脉动热管启动和运行的物理和数学模型，关联了新汽泡的产生条件和毛细管内已有汽泡之间的关系，从而发现了尺度效应如何影响脉动热管启动和运行的规律。已有汽泡的形状强烈影响脉动热管的启动和运行，小汽泡更利于新汽泡的产生。脉动热管的优化设计可以通过对壁面粗糙度的加工、形成的汽泡尺度的控制和工质的匹配选择等来实现。结果对于脉动热管的设计具有重要参考价值。

英文摘要：

The start-up and operation of pulsating heat pipe are modeled physically and mathematically. The new produced vapor bubbles are related with the existed vapor bubbles, and the scale effects on the startup and operation of looped pulsating heat pipe are found. The shape of the existed vapor bubbles influences the startup and operation of pulsating heat pipe essentially, the new vapor bubbles are easier to produce near the smaller vapor bubbles. Some methods of optimization on pulsating heat pipe are by the designs of capillary wall microrelief, the scale design of existed vapor bubbles and the working fluid selection. The results are significant for the pulsating heat pipe design.