中文摘要：

运用亮蓝溶液染色示踪法和图像分析技术，对长白山北坡棕色针叶林土和暗棕色森林土大孔隙特征及分布进行研究，探讨影响2种类型土壤大孔隙形成的因素．结果表明：由水平剖面染色面积随土层深度的变化情况，可间接得出大孔隙在垂直土壤剖面上的变化规律；随着土层深度的增加，2种土壤的染色面积均呈减少趋势；在24h内，棕色针叶林土较暗棕色森林土大孔隙流的运移深度多10～20cm，且其大孔隙流路径多，相同面积上，前者达6条，后者只有1条；大孔隙流的存在可以使水分在土壤中的运移速度增加2～3倍；生物因素是2种土壤大孔隙形成的主要因素，由土壤动物运动形成的大孔隙数量较多，直径多为2～4mm．

英文摘要：

By using dye tracing and image analysis, the characteristics and distribution of macropores in brown coniferous forest soil and dark brown forest soil on northern slope of Changbai Mountains were studied, with the factors affecting the formation of the macropores discussed. The results showed that the vertical distribution pattern of soil macropores could be indirecdy known by the variation of dyed area with soil depth. The dyed area of the two soils tended to decrease with increasing soil depth. In 24 hours, the macropore flow transferred 10-20 cm deeper in brown coniferous forest soil than in dark brown forest soil, and there were more macropore flow paths in brown coniferous forest soil. By unit area, brown coniferous forest soil had 6 paths, while dark brown forest soil only had 1 path. The existence of macropore flow could accelerate the infiltration speed by 2 or 3 times at least. Bio-factor was the key factor affecting the formation of macropores in the two kinds of forest soil. There were more macropores formed by soil animals, and the diameter was mostly between 2 and 4 mm.