中文摘要：

γ干扰素释放试验（interferon gamma release assays，IGRAs）是一种新型的快速诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的免疫学方法。目前已经有16个国家制定了IGRAs诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的应用指南。各国IGRAs应用指南主要针对以下情况进行制定的：成人活动性结核病、成人潜伏结核感染、医疗工作者潜伏结核感染、免疫抑制者结核分枝杆菌感染筛查、儿童结核分枝杆菌感染。不同国家对不同人群的IGRAs应用指南不尽相同，故我国应根据本国国情针对不同人群进行大样本研究以得出IGRAs诊断结核分枝杆菌感染的最科学、最有效的应用原则。

英文摘要：

Interferon gamma release assays （IGRAs） are new and rapid immunodiagnostic methods of Mycobacteriurn tuberculosis infection. Recently 16 countries have already made guidelines of IGRAs used to diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The guidelines of IGRAs are made mainly by following different situations： active tuberculosis in adults, latent tuberculosis infection in adults, Mycobacteriurn tuberculosis infection in medical workers and immunosuppressive individuals, Mycobacteriurn tuberculosis infection in children. Different countries have different IGRAs guidelines for different subjects, so according to our national condition, large studies for different subjects should be done in order to get the most scientific and the most effective application principles of IGRAs used to diagnose tuberculosis.