中文摘要：

作为中东伊斯兰世界具有重要影响力的国家之一,埃及在近代西方的冲击下成为西亚北非地区最早着手现代化的国家,亦是该地现代化程度较高的国家,埃及的现代化进程无疑是伊斯兰世界的一个缩影。本文通过梳理近代以来埃及在政治、经济和社会层面的现代化轨迹,总结其现代化进程所面临诸多挫折困难的原因、教训和启示,有利于我们认识政治民主化、法制化、经济市场化、工业化、社会多元化和公民化等现代化的本质和内涵,为中东地区国家现代化发展进程以及存在的诸多问题方面提供了经验和借鉴。

英文摘要：

As an important country in the Middle East Islamic world,Egypt has been the earliest country of modernization reform in the West Asia and North Africa and reached the higher level of modernization among these countries.The modernization of Egypt is absolutely the microcosm of the Islamic world.This dissertation analyzes the modernization track in the political,economic and social aspects of Egypt,summarizes the reason,lesson and revelation of these setbacks and difficulties in the process of the modernization.It will help us to understand the nature and connotation of modernization and provide historical reference for other Middle East countries＇ modernization.