中文摘要：

超晶格材料是由两种或两种以上性质不同的薄膜交替生长而形成的人工周期性结构材料. 超晶格材料中具有连续介质力学“小尺度效应”和量子力学“大尺寸量子效应”并存的现象. 阐述了超晶格材料周期结构特征和制备技术, 介绍了超晶格材料量子化能带结构及其奇异的光电特性. 探讨了超晶格材料微观结构及其变形机理, 归纳了超晶格材料量子化电子结构的几种常用计算方法, 如紧束缚方法、赝势方法和k-p微扰方法等. 重点介绍了外力场和应变对超晶格材料量子化电子结构及其光电性质影响, 包括作者所在研究小组近期在端部摩擦、点载荷、有限界面和各向异性等对超晶格微观变形及其量子化电子结构影响的跨尺度一体化研究方面的最新工作进展.

英文摘要：

Superlattice is a kind of artificial periodic structure consisting of alternate layers of two dissimilar semiconductors with layer thicknesses of the order of nanometers. Both the large-scale quantum behavior and the small-scale effect can be simultaneity observed in superlattices. The feature of structural characteristics and the fabrication techaniques of superlattices are summarized. The quantum electronic band structure and the remarkable electronic properties of superlattices are presented, and popular methods for calculating quantum band structure and wave functions are reviewed, such as the tight binding method, the pseudopotential method and the method. More importantly, the effects of stress and strain on the superlattice＇s electronic band structure and transport properties are discussed in details, including the author＇s recent research on the effects of friction, point loads, boundary surfaces and anisotropy on the superlattice＇s inhomogenious strain distribution and quantum electronic band structure.