中文摘要：

基于河南省17个气象监测站点1961-2012年逐旬气象数据，采用FAO推荐的Penman—Monteith公式计算参考作物需水量，结合“全国灌溉试验资料数据库”中冬小麦生育期、作物系数等数据计算冬小麦生育期需水量，利用时间序列分析法和灰色关联分析法，分析河南省冬小麦需水量近51年来的时空分布特征、变化规律及其主要影响因素．结果表明：1961—2011年，河南省冬小麦平均需水量在345—492mm，卢氏站冬小麦平均需水量最低，孟津站最高．大部分站点1980-1989年冬小麦平均需水量最低，1961—1969年冬小麦平均需水量最高．17个站点中，新乡、栾川、开封、西峡、南阳、信阳、固始7站冬小麦需水量随年份呈上升趋势，其余10个站点需水量均呈下降趋势；豫北需水量高于豫南，豫西地区需水量跨度较大．河南省17站冬小麦生育期日平均高温、日平均低温均随年份呈上升趋势，生育期日平均风速、日平均相对湿度、日照时数基本呈下降趋势．河南省冬小麦生育期日平均高温、日照时数是影响冬小麦需水量的主要因素，日平均相对湿度对其影响最小．

英文摘要：

Based on mean meteorological data of ten days in 17 observation stations from 1961 to 2012, the reference crop evapotranspiration was computed using Penman-Monteith formula recom- mended by FAO. The water requirement of winter wheat in Henan Province was calculated by adop- ting crop coefficients and the growth stage of winter wheat from the ＂National Irrigation Experiment Database＂, and the temporal and spatial distribution, variation and affecting factors in recent 51 years were analyzed by means of time-series analysis and gray relational grade analysis. The results showed that the average water requirement of winter wheat was 345-492 mm in Henan Province from 1961 to 2011, and it was lowest at Lushi station and highest at Mengjin station. The average water requirement of winter wheat was lowest from 1980 to 1989 and highest from 1961 to 1969 at most stations. The water requirement of winter wheat showed a tendency to increase with years at the 7 stations （Xinxiang, Luanchuan, Kaifeng, Xixia, Nanyang, Xinyang and Gushi）, while it in- dicated a tendency to decline in the other 10 stations. The water requirement of winter wheat in North Henan was higher than in South Henan, and had a high span variation in West Henan. Dur- ing the growing period of winter wheat, the average daily maximum and minimum temperatures showed a tendency to increase with years, while the average daily wind speed and relative humidity, and the sunshine hours had a tendency to decline. In Henan Province, the water requirement of winter wheat was mainly affected by the average daily maximum temperature and the sunshine hours, and least influenced by the average daily relative humidity.