中文摘要：

主要介绍自门控技术在心脏磁共振成像（CMRI）中的发展与应用。传统CMRI一般需要通过心电信号结合屏气或呼吸监控技术进行采集。然而,受到强磁场和电磁信号的干扰,以及患者自身生理特征等影响,心电信号有时会失真。屏气采集不适用于老年和儿童患者,以及一些患有呼吸疾病的患者。呼吸监控采集方法又会干扰稳态序列。因此,非心电门控的自由呼吸CMRI具有潜在需求。自门控技术可以从原始采集数据中提取心脏和呼吸运动信号,因而被广泛研究。本文首先介绍当前CMRI技术,然后从理论基础、脉冲序列设计、自门控信号提取以及图像重建4个方面详细阐述自门控CMRI技术的发展,最后对其应用前景进行展望。

英文摘要：

The development and application of self-gated （SG） technique in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging （CMRI） is mainly introduced in the paper. Generally, the electrocardiogram （ECG） signal in combination with a breath-hold or a respiratory monitor is required for traditional CMRI acquisition. However, in some cases, ECG signals are unreliable because of the influence of the high-intensity magnetic field, electromagnetic signal, and physiological abnormalities of the patient. Breath-hold acquisition is not suitable for elderly patients, pediatric patients, and patients who suffer from respiratory diseases. Respiratory monitor acquisition technique would disrupt the steady state. Therefore, an ECG-free free-breathing CMRI technique is required. SG technique is widely researched because SG technique can extract cardiac and respiratory signals from original acquired data. The present CMRI techniques are firstly introduced in the paper. Secondly, the development and application of SG technique in CMRI are introduced from four aspects, including basic theory, pulse sequence design, SG signal extraction and image reconstruction. Thirdly, the future development and clinical application .of SG in CMRI is prospected.