中文摘要：

为了建立和优化小麦成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生体系,以京411、Brock、春麦S10鉴-6和春麦津强5号4种小麦的成熟胚为外植体,进行愈伤组织的诱导、分化及再生体系优化的研究.结果表明：（1）京411在各种诱导培养基中的平均出愈率高于其他3个品种;（2）京411在MS1（MS＋2.0 mg/L 2,4-D＋200 mg/L CH＋100 mg/L MI＋250 mg/L Glu）培养基中的出愈率最高,因此将该培养基定为京411的最佳诱导培养基;（3）同不切相比,采用纵全切的方式处理京411的成熟胚能够获得较高的出愈率和质量较好的愈伤组织;（4）在分化培养基F7（MS＋10 mg/L ZT＋0.1 mg/L IAA）中,京411成熟胚的愈伤组织分化率、出苗率和生根率最高,幼苗长势最好,因此该培养基可以用作京411成熟胚愈伤组织的分化培养基.

英文摘要：

To establish and optimize an induction and regeneration culture system for wheat mature embryos,the mature embryos of cultivar wheat Jing 411,Brock,spring wheat S10jian-6 and Jinqiang 5 were adopted as explants to study the optimization of induction,differentiation and regeneration system of callus. The results showed that：（1）Jing 411 had higher average callus induction rate than the other three varieties in all kinds of induction mediums;（2）The induction rate of Jing411 in MS1 medium（MS＋2.0 mg/L 2,4-D ＋200 mg/L CH＋100 mg/L MI ＋250 mg/L Glu）was higher than that in the other mediums,so MS1 was taken as the best induction medium;（3） Compared with the mature embryos of Jing 411 treated with no cut method,the embryos treated with half longitudinal cut method can obtain higher induction rate and callus with better quality;（4）In F7 medium（MS＋10 mg/L ZT ＋ 0.1 mg/L IAA）,the differentiation rate and the emergence rate of callus of Jing 411 were higher than those in the other mediums,and the seedlings grew better. So,F7 can be used as differentiation medium for the callus of mature embryos of Jing 411.