中文摘要：

地理格网系统起源于早期的制图研究,并发展成为表达复杂地理现象、综合分析自然与人文数据、模拟地理系统功能与行为的基本方法。地理格网系统的组成包括格元、格边和格点,格元代表了区域面状特征,格点确定了格元的基本位置和点状特征,格边用于度量格元间的通量关系。在现代地球测量技术驱动下,地理格网系统的功能从传统的地图定位框架与地理现象表达,进一步拓展出多源地理空间数据融合、地理综合分析等新功能。研究椭球空间下的地理格网系统构建模型、误差分布、地学计算等是地理格网系统研究的前沿和基础性科学问题。

英文摘要：

The article was focused on the functions and roles of geographical grid within the context of pixel-based geometric measures and GPS-based precise positioning.The authors described the basic attributes of grid system,and defined a grid cell composition of area cell,cell boundaries and cell corners in the first section.The grid＇s new functions and roles such as geographical data fusion and integrated analysis were also discussed.In second section,authors probed into the evolution of grid system from the earliest era of land management in the dynasty of Shang and Xia,world mapping such as Hipparchus in Greece and ＂Huayi Maps＂ in China,to modern times of remote sensing and global positioning systems.In the last section,authors explained the development of global discrete grid system and national grid system,and pointed out the establishment of grid system based on elliptical space would be a direction for the future research.