中文摘要：

文中利用GPCP降水资料和中国大陆740个台站雨量计降水观测结果，分析研究了1980-2000年中国大陆范围内两者的异同。平均降水率分布结果表明：在中国台站雨量计分布密集地区（100°E以东）两者的多年年平均、季平均和月平均降水率分布具有很好的一致性，即均能表现自春季至冬季中国大陆降水分布自东南向西北伸展，然后向东南后退的气候变化特点。对长江中下游、华北、东北、西南的降水距平随时间的变化分析表明，两者的月距平随时间变化也具有很好的相似性，相关系数均超过0．8。差异分析还表明，由于中国降水季节性变化和台站雨量计密度不均匀，造成春秋冬三季节GPCP和台站雨量计之间的差异较小，而夏季差异较大。总体上GPCP有过高估计降水率的趋势。在GPCP逐月降水资料既能很好地反映出100°E以东中国大陆降水的气候分布，又能很好地表示出上述地区降水量异常变化的基础上，我们利用GPCP降水资料对青藏高原和中国大陆西北地区西部降水分布及变化进行了分析。结果表明20世纪80年代前期青藏高原西部降水偏多，而90年代后降水量减少；中国西北地区降水总体偏少，但没有明显的变化趋势。

英文摘要：

The GPCP monthly rainfall data and the monthly rainfall records observed by 740 raingauges in the mainland of China are used to analyze similarities and differences of the precipitations in China in the period from January 1980 to December 2000. Results expose significantly consistent rainfall distributions, in particular in eastern China （east of 100°E）, between the both datasets in multi-year mean, multi-year seasonal mean, and multiyear monthly mean. Departures of monthly rainfall rates of the two datasets also show a high correlation with a correlation coefficient of over 0.8. Analysis indicates that differences of both datasets are small in spring, autumn, and winter, as well as in the density region of raingauge compared with sparsity region on the contrary to relative large in summer. Generally, the GPCP has an overestimating trend in rainfall rates. Based on the above relationships of the two datasets, the GPCP data are used to investigate distributions and variations of precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau and Northwest China. Results indicate positive anomalies of precipitation in summer in the western Tibetan plateau in the 1980s and negative anomalies after the 1980s. For the west of Northwest China, analysis suggests that precipitation decreased a little, but with no obvious variation trend.