中文摘要：

[目的]研究一次性、大量施用生物质炭对作物产量和养分吸收的影响及其影响的年际变化,为生物质炭农田施用提供科学依据。[方法]该试验是两因素随机区组设计,因素一为生物质炭,包括0（C0）、20（C20）和40（C40）t·hm^-23个施用水平;因素二是氮素施用,包括施用（N1）和不施用（N0）2个水平,共6个处理（C0N0、C20N0、C40N0、C0N1、C20N1和C40N1）,每处理3个重复。观测了施用生物质炭后2010年水稻、2014年水稻和2015年小麦产量及氮、磷和钾养分吸收的变化。[结果]相同的生物质炭施用水平下,氮肥施用显著增加了2010年水稻、2014年水稻和2015年小麦产量和茎叶生物量。生物质炭施用对水稻产量和茎叶生物量无显著影响,但施氮肥处理C40N1较C0N1显著提高了2015年小麦产量和茎叶生物量,增幅分别为18.3%和35.2%。氮肥施用显著提高了作物各器官氮、磷、钾浓度,并且提高了氮、磷、钾的吸收量。而生物质炭施用对作物各器官氮、磷、钾吸收量影响并不一致,具体表现为：生物质炭抑制了水稻茎叶对氮素的吸收,但促进了钾素吸收。在与氮肥配合施用下,生物质炭促进了2015年小麦磷吸收,同时增加了磷素向籽粒转移;但生物质炭抑制了2014年水稻植株磷素向籽粒的转移。[结论]在成都平原东部地区水稻-小麦轮作系统中,一次性、大量施用生物质炭对作物生长的影响因作物种类和氮肥施用而异。施用生物质炭对水稻产量没有显著影响,但高用量生物质炭与氮肥配合施用显著增加小麦产量。生物质炭施用改变了作物对氮、磷和钾等养分吸收及在各器官的分配,但其影响在不同作物或年际间并不一致。

英文摘要：

[Objectives]The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in crop yield and nutrients uptake following a single biochar amendment at high application rates. This study could provide a scientific base for large scale biochar amendment in agricultural soils. [Methods]This is a random block experiment design with two factors including biochar application and nitrogen fertilization. Biochar was applied at application rate of 0（ C0）,20（ C20） and 40（ C40） t·hm^-2. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two rates including normal nitrogen fertilization（ N1） and zero nitrogen fertilization（ N0）. Therefore,there were six treatments（ C0N0,C20N0,C40N0,C0N1,C20N1 and C40N1） in total and each treatment was replicated three times. Rice yield in 2010 and 2014 and wheat yield in 2015 were recorded. Nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium in the grain,straw and root were analyzed. [Results]Results showed that N fertilization increased the crop yield and above ground biomass significantly at the same biochar amendment rate.Biochar amendment had no effect on the yield of rice grains and biomass either in 2010 or in 2014,whereas it increased wheat yield and biomass by 18.3% and 35.2% respectively in the presence of nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilization increased the uptake of N,P and K for different plant parts. However,the effect of biochar amendment on these nutrients uptake varied across plant parts and elements. More specifically,biochar decreased the concentration of N in rice straw while increased the uptake of K. In the presence of N fertilization,biochar increased the uptake of P by wheat in 2015 and promoted the transfer from straw to grain. However,the uptake of P by the rice grain in 2014 was reduced significantly. [Conclusions]In the studied area of east part of Chengdu plain,biochar soil amendment following a single and high application rate had significant effect on crop growth,and this effect was related with crop types and N fertilizer. Biochar had no effect on rice yield,while whea