中文摘要：

细菌纤维素是自然界纤维素存在的一种形式，其原料天然、来源广泛，生物合成过程温和、无污染，最终产物绿色、可生物降解以及高持水量、高湿态柔韧性、高原位反应活性等优异理化性能成为了研究人员关注的焦点。本文从生物工程的角度出发，对细菌纤维素发酵制备技术近30年来的发展进行解读，归纳总结了细菌纤维素菌种优化、碳源选择、制备技术、结构控制、后处理手段等方面存在的问题与今后研究重点。同时，对细菌纤维素在未来的产业化应用进行了展望。

英文摘要：

As a kind of cellulose in nature, bacterial cellulose has attached much attention benefit from its natural raw materials, extensive sources, free of contamination, mild biosynthesis, product friendly and biodegradable, as well as its excellent physical and chemical properties such as high water holding capacity, flexibility, high reactivity. In this paper, we reviewed the fermentation technology for bacterial cellulose in the past 3 decades, and summarized the issues on optimization of strains for bacterial cellulose, carbon source selection, preparation technology, structure control, post processing methods, etc. Based on these issues, we pointed out the major tops in this research field in the near future. Meanwhile, the potential industrial application of bacterial cellulose was prospected.