中文摘要：

抗生素在现阶段的水产养殖中具有不可替代的作用,但长期滥用抗生素会诱导水生动物体内产生携带抗性基因（ARGs）的细菌株,尤其是多重耐药性菌株的产生将使得各种疾病的治疗更加棘手.抗性基因一旦被排泄到水产环境中不仅会对养殖区域和周围的环境造成潜在的基因污染,而且还会通过各种可移动遗传元件如质粒、转座子、整合子等的水平迁移作用进入其他致病菌和环境细菌中,对人类的健康安全构成潜在的威胁.论文对抗生素抗性基因在水产养殖业中的来源、污染现状、潜在的传播途径和相关的检测方法进行了综述,指出了开展水产养殖业中抗生素抗性基因污染研究的必要性,建议政府和有关部门尽快进行水产养殖业抗生素抗性基因的污染机理与控制对策研究.

英文摘要：

Antibiotics play a non -substitutable role in modern aquaculture. However, long term heavy use of antibiotics will contribute to the occurrence of resistant isolates that harbor antibiotics resistant genes （ARGs）in aquatic animals. Especially, the emergence of multidrug resistant isolates will make the treatment of various diseases tougher. If ARGs are released into the environment, they will not only cause a potential genetic pollution in the cultural area and its surroundings, but also will enter other pathogens and environmental bacteria via mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, transposons and integrons, which are dangerous to public health. The potential sources, current situation of pollution, exposure pathway and transport of ARGs as well as the related detection methods were discussed in this paper. The necessity of carrying out the research of ARGs in aquaculture and studies on pollution mechanism and control of ARGs in the aquaculture were also pointed out.