中文摘要：

1823年（清道光三年）中国南岭以北普遍发生水灾,其中太湖以东地区受灾尤其严重。通过清代至民国的方志、档案等资料,对该年太湖以东地区大涝形成的环境因素进行重建和分析,认为此次大涝是雨带异常和吴淞江淤积共同作用下的产物。1823年2月中旬至11月中旬有3个降雨集中期,降雨总量较常年显著增加,春雨和秋雨持续时间较常年明显延长。2月份开始该区受雨带影响,3月中旬至6月上旬雨带长期滞留,与梅雨带重叠造成连续强降雨;8月上旬至中旬台风活动导致＂伏旱＂缺失;8月下旬至10月下旬南退雨带长期在本区滞留。同时,河流系统排涝功能严重萎缩,吴淞江感潮河段的井亭渡—曹家渡河段容积仅有正常情况的1/5左右。此次大涝是降雨带异常与河流排涝功能萎缩共同作用的结果。

英文摘要：

This article focused on the serious flood in east area of Taihu Lake in 1823.The authors consulted a variety of materials about this flood, including local gazetteers, archives, personal literatures, etc. Based on the records of the details and documents of the rainfall from the Qing Dynasty to the Minguo period, 3 rainfall periods were reconstructed. From mid March to early June, spring rain and plum rain associated. In early August, two times of typhoon influenced this area. From late August to late Octomber, autumn rainfall lasted to the early winter. Meanwhile, sedimentation of Wusongjiang riverbed led to its drainage function being weakened seriously, the riverbed volume in 1823 is 1/5 of the normal. The environmental background of the flood included two factors, one is abnormal rainfall and continuous two times of typhoon, the other is river system paralysis because of massive sediments.