中文摘要：

为了研究明渠水流的运动特性，开展了明渠水流流速横向分布数学模型的研究。本文根据量纲分析方法和实验资料，得到水流横向剪切作用下横向涡黏性系数的关系式；基于均匀流的水流运动方程，按照有限差分方法，建立流速横向分布计算模型。该模型具有计算简单、快捷和精度较高的优点，且数值计算不受横向涡黏性系数的结构形式和断面形态的影响。采用明渠水流实验资料验证数学模型，数学模型计算的流速横向分布与实验资料较一致，具有较高的理论意义和应用价值。

英文摘要：

In order to investigate the characteristic of open channel flow, a mathematical model is developed to compute the lateral velocity distribution in open channel flow. In this paper, a formula olf the lateral eddy viscosity with lateral shear action is derived from the dirr~ensional analysis method and the experimental data. Based on the discretization of the momentum equation of uniform flow using the finite difference method, a mathematical model of the lateral velocity distribution in open channel flow is established. The model has the advantages of simple and fast computation with high accuracy. The computation is hardly influenced by the form of the lateral eddy viscosity and the cross-section shape of open channel. The mathematical model is verified by the experimental data of the open channel flows. It shows that the results of the mathematical model are m good agreement with the observation data, and has higher theoretical meanings and practical values.