自噬(autophagy)是真核细胞所特有的通过溶酶体降解细胞内物质成分的过程。自噬主要包括大自噬(macroautophagy)、小自噬(microautophagy)和分子伴侣介导的自噬(chaperon-mediated autophagy,CMA),此外还包括线粒体自噬(mitophagy)、聚集体自噬(aggrephagy)等选择性自噬。根据最新的研究进展,本文总结了大自噬、分子伴侣介导的自噬以及线粒体自噬中的一些重要的分子标志物。
Autophagy is a physiological process which delivers the mutant cytoplasmic proteins and dysfunctional subcellular organs into lysosomes for degradation to generate fuel in the deficiency conditions. It is mainly classified into macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy(CMA), as well as the selective autophagy such as mitophagy and aggrephagy. This review mainly introduces the key molecular markers of macroautophagy, CMA and mitophagy.