中文摘要：

现有关于研发活动绩效的文章大多以总量指标来衡量研发投入。本文认为，总量指标会掩盖研发投入结构与特征对科研产出的影响。利用最新的全国R＆D资源清查数据，本文探讨了我国现有的研发经费结构、研发人员特征与科研产出之间的关系。实证结果表明，不同类型、用途、来源的研发经费，以及不同性别、学历和工作性质的研发人员，对科研成果产出的作用存在着微妙的差异。这是总量指标研究所不能反映的，其作用需要具体分析，不能一概论之。

英文摘要：

Previous studies on R＆D performance measurement usually use R＆D gross indicators to measure R＆D inputs. However, using gross indicators to measure R＆D inputs is unable to find the different impacts of R＆D input structure and characteristics on R＆D outputs. Using the data of latest nationwide R＆D resource investigation, the relationships among Chinese current R＆D expenditure structures, R＆D researcher characteristics, and R＆D outputs are empirically examined. The results suggest that the R＆D types, purposes, and sources have the impact on R＆D outputs with subtle difference. Also, the gender, education, and job character of R＆D researchers have the impact on R＆D outputs with subtle difference. Therefore, using gross indicators to measure R＆D input is unable to find above results. It is better to conduct specific analysis under different contexts.