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中文摘要：
分析了关于饱和土有效应力原理的一些错误理解,基于土颗粒-水相互作用分析,给出了土体中有效应力的物理含义,是单位截面的土体中土颗粒骨架所传递的有效荷载,其大小等于总应力与孔隙水压力之差。利用土体的力平衡方程,一方面证明了Terzaghi饱和土有效应力原理,并分析了该原理的适用范围;另一方面证明了Bishop非饱和土有效应力原理,解释了参量χ的物理含义,将二原理统一在一个力学框架下,从理论上说明了Terzaghi有效应力原理是Bishop有效应力原理在有效饱和度χ=1时的特例,并分析了Bishop非饱和土有效应力原理的适用范围。研究表明,从荷载条件和土性条件两个角度分析有效应力原理,清晰地解释了有效应力的物理概念,并且提出孔隙水压力影响土体力学特性的机理。
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