中文摘要：

利用叶色标记是保证作物杂交种子纯度的一条有效途径,同时在高等植物的叶绿体合成、结构、功能、遗传、分化与发育及光合色素合成等基础研究中具有重要价值。水稻中已报道了至少163个叶色突变体,主要表现为白化、黄化、温敏变色、亮绿、常绿、条斑条纹、转绿和紫色等,定位到染色体的基因有134个,定位到具体分子标记之间的基因有124个,这些突变基因分布在水稻的12条染色体上。已成功克隆了叶色相关基因35个（其中2个基因有等位基因）,OsCAO1、OsCAO2、OsCHLH、OsCHLD（等位基因YGL98）、OsCHLI、OsDVR、YGL1、VYL、CBL、ITC等参与编码叶绿素合成,NYC1、NOL、NYC3和SGR参与叶绿素的降解过程,OsCHR4、V1、V2、OsClpP5、NTRC、OsHAP3A、OsHAP3B、OsHAP3C和OsGluRS等参与叶绿体发育调控,OsPDS、OsZDS、OsCRTISO和β-OsLCY等参与类胡萝卜素生物代谢途径,PL、Z2分别参与花青素和番茄红素的生物合成,V3、ST1（等位基因GWS）、OsROPGEF10、ETL1、ETL2和OsDOS等通过其它途径影响水稻叶色变化。

英文摘要：

Use of leaf-color markers is an effective way to ensure hybrid rice seed purity. Moreover, the research of leaf-color mutant genes is also very important in the basic research on chlorophyll biosynthesis, structure, function, inheritance, differentiation, growth and photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis of higher plants. Up to now, more than 163 leaf-color mutants were reported in rice, mainly featured by albino, etiolation, temperature sensitive allochro- masia, brilliant green, evergreen, stripe, turning green and purple in leaf color. There were 134 genes mapped on chromosomes, 124 of which were mapped on a definite location. These mutant genes distributed on all 12 chromo- somes of rice, in which 35 genes were cloned （ two of them had alleles）. Among them, OsCAO1, OsCA02, Os- CHLH, OsCHLD（ allele YGL98）, OsCHLI, OsDVR, phyll biosynthesis, NYC1, NOL, NYC3 and SGR in YGL1, VYL, CBL and ITC involved in the encoding of chloro- the chlorophyll degradation process, OsCHR4, V1, V2, Os- ClpPS, NTRC, OsHAP3A, OsHAP3B, OsHAP3C and OsGluRs in the developmental regulation of chloroplast, OsP- DS, OsZDS, OsCRTISO and β-OsLCY in the carotenoid biological metabolism, PL and Z2 in anthocyanin and lyco- pene biosynthesis, respectively, and V3, STl（allele GWS） leaf color changing by other pathways. OsRopGEFIO, ETL1, ETL2 and OsDOS affected rice