中文摘要：

酯酶（esterase）是催化酯键水解的一大类酶的总称,广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中。它种类繁多,功能和所催化的底物多样。酯酶通过催化蛋白质的去磷酸化来调节酶、转运蛋白、转运因子和细胞信号转导通路中的蛋白活性参与生物体内的物质代谢和能量代谢,酯酶还直接催化细胞信号物质的合成和转化。酯酶大多由多基因家族编码,同一家族成员在不同种生物和同一生物不同亚种中存在差异,因此是进化关系分析和品种鉴定的重要靶酶。酯酶自身活性受酶蛋白的磷酸化和糖基化的调节。本研究扼要综述酯酶种类、功能、编码基因、基因进化和功能调节多样性方面的研究进展。

英文摘要：

Esterase presents a large group of enzymes which hydrolyze ester.They are produced widely by animals,plants and microorganisms.They are diversity in types,functions and substrates.The enzymes participate in the substance metabolism and energy metabolism,and regulate the activities of enzyme,transporter,transcription factors and proteins in cell signal transduction pathway by catalyzing dephosphorylation of protein.The esterases also directly catalyze the production of cell signaling substances and their conversion.In addition,the most of esterase are encoded by multi-gene families,and the members of the same family present the different characteristics in different species and sub-species in the same organism.Therefore,esterases are the important target enzymes involved in the variety identification and analysis of evolutionary relationship.Furthermore,esterase activity is regulated by the phosphorylation and glycosylation of protein.This review focuses on research process in diversity of the esterase category,function,encoding genes,gene evolution and functions.