中文摘要：

阐述了化学渗透的概念．简要综述了实验室测定粘质土渗透效率系数一的装置及对各类粘质土的试验结果，总结影响一的因素．详细叙述了考虑化学渗透的复合的水渗流及溶质迁移的模型，模型预测和试验的液体流动及溶质迁移的结果，证明粘土化学渗透对环境科学和岩土工程的重要性，化学渗透能显著改变化学环境下低渗透性土壤中水的流动和溶质的迁移．综述了化学渗透的工程应用，包括作为垂直和水平围堵屏障能减少污染物质的流动，能用于稳定软弱、高活性粘土等．指出了今后的研究方向，如对粘质土的膜性能的研究还局限于研究室试验阶段，对于土工合成材料（GCL）、原状土样的膜性能的研究还不多．

英文摘要：

The concept of chemical osmosis is introduced and a short review is given of laboratory apparatuses to measure the osmotic efficiency parameter a for clayey soils. The values of a from experiments and the factors affecting the values of a are presented. The coupled water flux and solute transport models that account for chemical osmosis are elaborated. The results of simulation of fluid and solute transport based on the models and the data from the laboratory experiments are introduced in details. The indication is that the chemical osmotic phenomenon is important for environmental sciences and geotechnical engineering, because osmotic effect can significantly alter the water flow and solute transport for low permeability soil and under chemical environment. The applications of chemical-osmosis phenomena are specified. Clayey soils can be used as both vertical and horizontal contaminant barriers to reduce the contaminant mass flux through the barrier. It is likely to stabilize soft and high activity clays by chemical-osmotic soil stabilization. The possible future advances in chemical osmosis are pointed out. Up to now, the researches of semi-permeable membrane of clayey soil have been confined in laboratory. Little investigation in situ was done. And there is little study on GCL and natural soil.