中文摘要：

快速探测到环境中具有生态意义的信息是适应性行为的一种重要表现。本研究采用注意捕获范式检验具有生态意义的信息是否能够被注意系统自动化加工。具体而言，我们考察对负性面孔中的生态意义信息的加工是否受任务和知觉负载的影响。在实验一中，我们发现负性面孔相对于中性面孔在高低知觉负载下的注意捕获能力没有显著差异，表明负性面孔在高低负载下都具有加工优先性。为了分离刺激突显性与生态意义二个因素对实验结果的影响，在实验二中，我们将负性面孔刺激替换为具有突显性但不含有生态信息的颜色块刺激，发现颜色块在高知觉负载下的注意捕获效应显著低于低负载，即知觉负载能够显著影响其注意捕获能力，表明负性面孔在实验一中的效应应归因于其本身携带的生态信息。由此，本研究展示了具有生态意义的视觉刺激能够得到视觉系统的自动化加工。

英文摘要：

The ability to quickly and efficiently detect ecological stimuli, such as snakes, spiders, and fearful faces, is vital for one＇s survival. Here we asked whether such stimuli are processed automatically. In the study, we used negative faces to examine the automatic processing of ecological stimuli with two criteria （i.e., intentionality and load-insensitivity） that are essential asoects of automaticitv. In Experiment 1, we manipulated perceptual load in a visual search task, where participants searched for a target letter （either X or N） from an array of letters （five letters, selected from O, E, F, H, K, Z, V） that together circled around a central fixation. Either a negative face （i.e., ecological stimuli） or a neutral face （i.e., non-ecological stimuli） was presented in the peripheral as a task-irrelevant distractor. To further rule out the possibility that the salience of the negative faces may account for the load-insensitive attention capture, we used the same paradigm in the Experiment 2, except that a color singleton, a salient stimulus without ecological property, was presented as the distractor in the peripheral. A total of twenty-one college students participated in the study. As expected, in Experiment 1, the search efficiency was higher when the perceptual load was low, and the presence of the negative face captured a larger amount of attention than the neutral face. Critically, the amount of attention captured by the negative face （versus neutral face） was the same across different levels of perceptual load, suggesting that ecological stimuli are processed automatically. To further examine the possibility that the load-insensitive attention capture observed in Experiment 1 was instead due to the salience, not the ecological property, of the negative face, in Experiment 2 we used the same paradigm as that in Experiment 1, except that a salient color singleton, not the negative face, was presented in the peripheral as a task-irrelevant distractor. We found that although th