中文摘要：

对同一种属病原微生物进行准确、快速、灵敏地分型对追踪分子溯源、明确传播途径、了解菌株和临床表现之间的关系、探索致病机制和指导临床用药等具有非常重要的意义。近年来基质辅助激光解吸／电离飞行时间质谱（ MALDI-TOF MS）以其快速、准确、重复性好、高通量等特点在微生物的鉴定、耐药性和毒力的监测中发挥越来越重要的作用。新的微生物分型方法MALDI-TOF MS指纹图谱分型法也随之诞生。该分型方法具有高通量、快速、易于标准化、费用低廉等特点，在病原微生物流行病学分析、医院感染控制、生物标志物研发等方面有广阔的应用前景。（中华检验医学杂志，2015，38：367-369）

英文摘要：

Accurate, fast and sensitive typing of pathogenic microorganisms is very important for tracing the source of dissemination, defining the route of transmission, understanding the relationship between strains and clinical symptoms, exploring the pathogenic mechanism,guiding clinical therapy, etc.In recent years, matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF MS） has played an increasingly important role in the microbial identification, drug resistance and virulence study because of its rapidity, accuracy, good repeatability, high throughput etc.The new microbial typing method-MALDI-TOF MS fingerprint typing appears afterwards.This typing method is characterized by high throughput, rapidity, easy standardization and low cost, and it has promising application prospect in the areas such as epidemiological analysis of pathogenic microorganism, hospital infection control and development of biological markers.