中文摘要：

云南野生稻生态类型丰富,且具有抗白叶枯病、抗稻瘟病、耐旱、耐寒等栽培稻不具有或已经消失的遗传基因,是水稻品种改良的优良基因库。然而,随着人类社会经济活动对生态环境影响的加剧,这一宝贵的战略性生物资源正面临着快速消失的危险。为了加强云南野生稻资源的保护,近年来,我们对云南野生稻资源开展了原生境保护（物理隔离方式和主流化方式）及非原生境保护（种质库、种质圃、细胞库和DNA库）等保护技术研究,明确了各种保护方法的优缺点和适用性,保护了云南野生稻的多样性和丰富度,为改良栽培稻储备了丰富的基因源。

英文摘要：

Yunnan wild rice species have a lot of ecological types. The wild rice species have many good char- acteristics such as strong resistances to white blight disease, blast, insects, drought, coldness etc. They have many elite genes that rice cultivars do not have or already lost. Therefore wild rice is an excellent genetic germplasm li- brary for rice breeding. However,in recent years, due to the intensive human activities, the important strategic bio- logical resources-wild rice species are facing the danger of extinction. We have tried different approaches to enhance the conservation and protection of Yunnan wild rice resources. These approaches include in- sittt conservation （ phys- ical isolation, mainstreaming approaches） and ex-situ conservation （genebank, field genebank, DNA bank, cDNA library and BAC library）. Each conservation approach has its advantages as well as disadvantages, and has special application purpose. In general, we have preserved the diversity and abundance of Yunnan wild rice resources which would be important gene resources for improving cultivated rice in future.