中文摘要：

慢性肾脏病已成为中国重要的公共卫生问题。肾脏纤维化是慢性肾脏病进行性发展的最终结局。小分子RNA作为近年来发现的一组长度约22个核苷酸的内源性小分子，其在肾脏发育和生理功能中有普遍作用。越来越多的报道认为多种小分子RNA参与调控肾小管上皮细胞间充质转分化过程，在肾脏纤维化过程中发挥重要作用，可能是慢性肾脏病早期干预治疗的潜在靶点。

英文摘要：

Chronic kidney disease has been a severe public problem in China. Renal fibrosis is the final outcome for progressive chronic kidney disease. MicroRNAs （miRNAs, miR） are small, noncoding RNAs with about 22 nucleotides, which has proved to play a general role in kidney development and physiological functions. Reports showed that series of miRNA took part in mediating the process of tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to renal fibrosis. MiRNA could be a potential therapeutic target for early chronic kidney disease.