中文摘要：

缺血性心脏病是危害人类健康的主要疾病之一。新近研究发现，心肌缺血与迷走神经活性降低及交感神经活性升高密切相关。本文从缺血性心脏病时心脏迷走神经调控的改变、迷走神经及其递质乙酰胆碱对缺血心肌的保护作用和其在缺血预适应、缺血后适应中可能的信号转导途径等方面，对迷走神经及其递质保护缺血心肌的作用机制研究的新进展予以综述，将有助于深入理解缺血性心脏病的发病机制及防治措施，为该疾病的防治开辟新思路。

英文摘要：

Ischemic heart disease severely endangers health of mankind. Recent advances displayed that myocardial ischemia was relative to a reduction of vagal tone and an increase of sympathetic tone. This article, which is from the view of the change of modulation of cardiac vagal nerve during ischemic heart disease, protective effects of vagal nerve/acetylcholine to ischemic myocardium and the potential way of signal transduction in ischemic preconditioning/postconditioning, summarizes the advances of study on protective effects and mechanisms of vagal nerve and acetylcholine against ischemia injury of myocardiurn. This review will administer to penetrating understanding to pathogenesis, prevention and cure of ischemic heart disease, and develop the new way for prevention and cure of it.