中文摘要：

从地球上观测到的彗尾一般是在彗核的背太阳一侧延展,但也观测到几颗彗星在某些特殊情况却呈现出从彗核朝向太阳一侧延展的扇形或长钉形的反常彗尾或向日彗尾.反常彗尾是彗核抛出的大尘粒组成的尘埃彗尾,由于受太阳辐射压斥力较小而成为其轨道面附近的太空垃圾,这些垃圾会危害空间环境和航天安全,因此,观测和研究反常彗尾对于预防这些大尘粒撞击飞船有重要意义.本文首先介绍了反常彗尾的基本解释和事例,然后阐述了反常彗尾的尘埃彗尾动力学理论及其研究成果.最后简述了我国彗星猎人发现的新彗星C/2007 N3(Lulin),即鹿林彗星及其在2009年1-2月观测到的奇特反常尘埃彗尾情况,并给出了初步处理的一些形态图像和解释,初步测量和估算了反常彗尾长度.

英文摘要：

Comets are spectacular members among the objects of the solar system,and their appearances change wonderfully when they orbit the Sun.As they are very far from the Sun,they are basically small naked main bodies—the comet nuclei,which are "ice-conglomerates" or "dirty snowballs" consisting of ice and dust.As they approach the Sun and are acted by strong solar radiation,ices of the nucleus surfaces are heated and sublimated into gases,and the dust particles embedded in them are freed and dragged out by the ga...