中文摘要：

本文采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对黑龙江省4种异极藻科植物进行了详细观察和描述,对其形态特点及分布特征进行了初步探讨。为藻类多样性以及藻类资源的调查研究提供了资料,同时也为我国硅藻分类学及硅藻与环境相关性研究提供了一定的基础资料。

英文摘要：

The taxonomical research was done within Gomphonemaceae. The light microscope and the scanning electron microscope are used for observation and take photos. Algae samples were collected from northwest,southeast and southwest of Heilongjiang Province. Samples were collected from Nanweng River Wetland,Sanjiang Plain Wetland,Qixing River Wetland,Zhalong Wetland,Naoli River Wetland,Anxing Wetland,Xingkai Lake Wetland. The climate zone of these locations are including cool monsoon climate zone,temperate humid monsoon climate zone,Semi- humid monsoon climate zone. The habitat mainly including wetlands,rivers,swamps,ponds and streams in Heilongjiang province. All these species are cosmopolitan freshwater species,the morphological characters were described in this paper based on both LM and SEM observation. Four species are Gomphonema acuminatum Ehrenberg,the external view present ＂wedge＂shape,central area have a stigma and valve at the end have the pore field; Gomphonema augur Ehrenberg,the top of the valve present ＂shoulder＂shape,valve at the end have the pore field; Gomphonema constrictum Ehrenberg,middle of the external view more wide; Didymosphenia geminata（ Lyngbye） Schmidt,valve at the end have the pore field.