中文摘要：

在综述前人认识的基础上,通过对中国前陆盆地的沉积充填特征、演化历程、构造成因及其空间分布规律、构造变形特征等的宏观研究和重点解剖,总结出中国前陆盆地构造地质的主要特征：（1）垂向上,前陆盆地表现出两种不同性质的原型盆地在正反转构造背景下的盆地构造层序相叠置;（2）平面上,分布在中国大陆内的前陆盆地或冲断带受统一的印度—欧亚两个大陆板块间的碰撞作用,形成构造变形的时空分布规律有序的环青藏高原巨型盆山体系;（3）时间上,不仅存在新近纪以来的喜马拉雅运动控制的再生前陆盆地,而且显生宙以来中国大陆共发生了4期前陆盆地或冲断构造的演化过程;（4）成因上,受青藏高原向北、向东的隆升挤压,基于小克拉通拼贴后的不均一陆内基底结构,古造山带继承性复活,在其前缘发育再生前陆盆地或前陆冲断带;（5）变形样式上,由于受边界力学条件和沉积地层介质的共同控制作用,可以将前陆冲断带的构造变形样式分为4类。正是因为上述地质构造的特殊性,决定了油气聚集与分布的规律性和勘探的复杂性。油气分布的规律性主要体现在：（1）油气相态分布的有序性;（2）成藏条件配置的有效性;（3）含油气目的层分布的空间有序性;（4）多期成烃、晚期成藏的普遍性。油气勘探的复杂性表现在：（1）4期前陆盆地和冲断带含油气地质特征的差异;（2）含油气层系与油气藏的改造与破坏;（3）陆相盆地的不均一导致储层相变大;（4）前陆冲断构造变形的复杂增加了圈闭落实的难度。

英文摘要：

This paper concludes some key geologic characteristics of Chinese foreland basins based on the study of the sedimentary infill,tectonic evolution,tectonic dynamics,spatial location distribution and structural deformation geometry.The foreland basin is super imposition with the compression sedimentary stratigraphic sequence over the extension basin.Four-stage structural deformation of foreland basin and thrust-fold belt has occurred since Protozoic.The foreland basin developed under the control of two factors which are basin basement collaged by many small plates or terrains and the distance effect of India-Eurasia collision,so all the foreland basins and the rejuvenative ancient orogenic belt make up a giant basin-mountain system which locates at the outer circus of Tibet plateau.There are many structural styles of the thrust-fold belt in different basins.These tectonic characteristics result in the regularity and complexity of oil pooling.The regularity includes：（1） the orders of oil/...更多gas spatial distribution from thrust-fold belts to Craton,（2）the availability of match among the petroleum pooling factors and accumulation dynamic qualifications,（3）regional sequences of target reservoirs in the whole western China,and（4）many periods of hydrocarbon generating but pooling late.The complexity manifests itself in four ways：（1）the difference of the geologic features of four-stage structural deformation,（2）the deformation and disruption of petroliferous reservoir and pool,（3）inhomogeneous reservoir resulted from nonmarine sedimentary,and（4）difficulties to define the structural traps resulted from strong deformation in the thrust-fold belts.