中文摘要：

在城市道路交通网络中,关键节点或路段的失效可能导致大规模级联失效的发生,为此,提出一种节点或路段的选择性关闭策略,该策略在节点或路段受到初始攻击后、级联失效发生前实施。基于城市道路交通网络的双层网络特性,构建级联失效＂负荷-容量＂模型;然后设计＂直接连接节点＂的节点关闭策略和＂重要路段＂上游路段的关闭策略来控制级联失效规模,同时构建关闭策略的算法流程,该流程同时适于节点、路段的单独关闭策略和混合关闭策略。试验分析表明,关闭策略有效且易实施;比较而言,混合关闭策略最佳,既能保护＂重要路段＂,也能有效降低级联失效规模。

英文摘要：

Since the failure of some vital nodes or sections have potential to trigger a serious cascade in urban traffic network, the possible defense strategies should be discussed to prevent the cascade from propagating through the entire network. In this paper, an effective defense strategy is introduced and investigated based on a selective further closing of nodes and sections, right after the initial attack or failure. First, the cascading failure model （the new Load-Capacity Model） which is suitable for the bi-level traffic network is built. Then, an effective strategy is posed to decrease the size of cascade by closing the nodes which are trip generation nodes （named directly connected nodes） or the sections which is in the upstream of important sections. Moreover, the algorithm procedures which have good scalability are designed. The experiment analysis shows that the closing strategies are both easily implemented and can decrease the size of cascade. By contrast, the mixed closing strategy is the most effective.