中文摘要：

空气细颗粒物（PM 2.5）是重要的环境空气污染物,主要来源于工业生产、汽车尾气和城市建设等人为活动。随着我国经济的高速发展,越来越严重的空气颗粒物污染可引起一系列健康危害,汇总国内外相关研究内容显示,长期接触高浓度的空气细颗粒可引起成人和儿童肺功能下降,增加慢性阻塞性肺病的发作,表现为慢阻肺的入院率和死亡率升高。人群流行病学研究提示空气细颗粒物可能增加儿童哮喘的发病和发作,并与成人哮喘急性发作有关。空气细颗粒导致慢阻肺和哮喘的机制仍不十分清楚,可能与颗粒物及组分造成的呼吸道氧化损伤、炎性反应、粘液大量分泌,以及直接对小气道壁的损伤有关,详细机制有待深入研究。

英文摘要：

Atmosphere fine particulate matter（ PM2. 5） is one kind of environmental atmosphere pollutants. PM2. 5 in urban mainly come from industrial production,automobile exhaust and urban construction. With the rapid economic development,more and more serious air particles are causing a range of adverse health effects. From current published papers,the results suggested that the exposure to fine particulate matter has been associated with the decline in lung function for children and adults,increased hospital admissions and death rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and acute asthma episodes among adults. The mechanisms of the PM induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma are largely unknown. Possibilities may involve the respiratory oxidative damage,inflammation,mucus secretion,as well as directly on the walls of the small airway injury induced by particulate matters.More research is needed in this area in the future.