中文摘要：

近地层臭氧（03）污染危害植物生长势必间接影响钾素吸收利用。利用中国稻一麦轮作开放式0、FACE（Free—air03 concentrationenrichment）试验平台，研究了大气0，浓度增加（较周围大气高50％）对长江i角洲地区5个小麦（TritciumaestivumL．）主栽品种（扬麦15、扬麦16、烟农19、扬幅麦2号和嘉兴002）的物质积累、钾素吸收与分配的影响。结果表明，0，升高对秸秆和籽粒的影响远大于根系。0，升高降低了扬麦16、烟农19和嘉兴002的籽粒产量，但对扬麦15和扬幅麦2号几乎无影响。0，升高，扬幅麦2号和烟农19的秸秆生物量显著降低，扬麦16和扬麦15、嘉兴002的秸秆生物量则分呈增加和降低趋势。表明0，污染对小麦物质积累与分配的影响存在品种差异。烟农19、扬麦15和嘉兴002小麦植株总吸钾量因03升高显著降低，而扬麦16和扬幅麦2号分呈降低与增加趋势。03升高影响钾素在小麦根、秸秆和籽粒中的含量与分配趋势，但影响程度因品种而异。O3升高降低了钾素在扬麦16、扬幅麦2号、烟农19和扬麦15根中分配比例，促进了其向地上部运移，而增加了钾素在嘉兴002根中分配比例，阻碍其向地上部的运移。表明小麦响应O3污染对钾素吸收与分配调整机制存在品种差异。扬麦16、烟农19和嘉兴002的钾素偏生产力因O3升高而显著降低13．2％～35．7％，而扬麦15和扬幅麦2号则无明显变化。嘉兴002的钾肥利用率闲0，污染显著降低和扬幅麦2号呈增加趋势，而扬麦15、扬麦16、烟农19则无明显变化。评价03污染对小麦物质积累分配、钾素在植物-土壤系统周转的影响应考虑品种差异。

英文摘要：

Tropospheric ozone （03 ） pollution affects plant growth and indirectly plant potassium （K） up- take. Effects of elevated atmospheric ozone （ pO3 ） （50% higher than the ambient pO3 ） on biomass and K uptake and dis- tribution of five modern eultivars of wheat （Tritcium aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 15 （Y15） ,Yangmai 16 （Y16） ,Yannong 19 （YN19） ,Yangfumai 2 （YF2） and Jiaxing 002 （JXO02）） were investigated in fully open-air field in the Yangtze River delta. Results show that straw and grain responded more than root to elevated pO3. YI6, YN19 and JXO02 decreased in yield,while Y15 and YF2 as not affected did not show any change. Under elevated pO3,YF2 and JXO02 decreased signifi- cantly in straw biomass, Y16 displayed a rising trend while Y15 and JXO02 declining ones,indicating that the effect of ele- vated pO3 on accumulation and distribution of biomass of wheat varied with wheat cuhivar. Simultaneously, YN19, Y15 and JXO02 decreased significantly in total plant potassium uptake, while Y16 displayed a declining trend and YF2 a rising one. Elevated pO3 also affected content and distribution of potassium in the plant and the effect varied with cuhivar, too. Y16, YF2, YN19 and Y15 declined in K distribution ratio in root,which suggested that elevated pO3 promoted potassi- um transfer from root to shoot, but JX002 increased, which meant elevated pO3 retarded potassium transfer to shoot. Obviously,mechanism of the response to elevated pOaof wheat in absorption and distribution of potassium varied with cultivar. Elevated pO3 significantly decreased the partial productivity of potassium fertilizer in Y16, YN19 and JXO02 by 13.2%- 35.7% ,but did not have such effect in Y15 and YF2 ,while it decreased K fertilizer utilization rate of JXO02 and increased that of YF2 ,while it did not affect much that of Y15 ,Y16 and YN19. Therefore,it is advisable to take into ac- count the factor of variety in evaluating 03 effects on accumulation and distribution of biomass in wheat and potassium turn- over