中文摘要：

相对于传统电学传感器，光纤传感器具有体积小、灵敏度高、耐酸碱腐蚀、抗电磁干扰能力强、不产生电火花以及可实现分布式、实时在线、永久性监测等特点，得到了众多科研工作者的广泛关注，并在油田开发中获得了广泛应用。对应用于油田开发中的光纤传感技术的原理和发展现状进行了介绍，主要包括用于温度、压力、流场、声波、应力等方面检测的光纤传感技术。阐述了各种光纤传感技术在油田开发中的具体应用，通过对各传感技术的优缺点进行分析，并与现有的传统传感技术比较，指出了光纤传感技术在油田开发应用中的巨大优势和广阔前景，并对光纤传感技术在油田勘探和开发中的进一步的应用和发展进行了展望。

英文摘要：

With respect to those traditional electromechanical sensors the optical fiber sensor system offers small volume, high sensitivity, immunity of corrosion and electromagnetic interference. It is feasible to build permanent distributed sensor systems based on optical fiber sensing technologies, which can monitor the analytes online and in time. Optical fiber sensing technologies are widely developed and used in oilfield today. The optical fiber technologies used to monitor the temperature, pressure, seism, flow field and stress in the oilfield are introduced in this paper. Research achievements of each technology home and abroad are illustrated. The merits of these technologies are described, and the development trends of them are also proposed.