中文摘要：

自体皮移植是治疗全层皮肤缺损、重建皮肤功能的最好方法。然而，大面积深度烧伤以及创伤创面的处理常面临自体供皮区短缺的问题，涉及同种异体甚至异种皮肤的移植。移植后排斥反应是异体或异种皮肤能否长期成活的主要问题，而且其中的免疫排斥反应更难以控制。移植免疫的突破和技术创新，为解决异体或异种皮肤移植的免疫排斥提供了更多机会和更好的前景。但是，目前皮肤移植的免疫排斥反应仍是横在我们面前不可逾越的障碍。

英文摘要：

Skin grafting has been one of the most important approaches for covering burn wounds, however long-term survival of allogeneic or xenogeneic skin graft is currently not successful. How to induce immune tolerance for life-time survival of allogeneic or xenogeneic skin graft is still remote objective to be solved. However, clinicians and scientists in China have worked very hard and made great contribution to this field during the past 50 years, no matter how difficult it is. They are the respected pioneers in the understanding of immunological change in ＂ Chinese Method＂ skin grafting,its local immune tolerance, immunology of pre-treatment of skin graft, etc. Herein, the most outstanding and impressive progresses in immunological responses after skin grafting in the past 50 years in China have been reviewed and presented for memory, for future and for extanding a salute.