中文摘要：

花粉产量是定量重建古植被、古气候的必要条件，目前花粉产量包括相对花粉产量和绝对花粉产量。由于较难获得多年连续的花粉沉积数据，学者多倾向于使用相对花粉产量进行古植被定量重建。相对花粉产量是某一花粉类型相对于同一参考种的花粉产量的比值（参考种通常选取植物群落和花粉组合中出现频率较高的同一花粉类型），可通过ERV（ExtendedR—value）模型进行估算，但其准确性受植被调查方法和模型假设条件影响较大。本文介绍了估算相对花粉产量所需的植被调查方法和利用花粉产量定量重建植被景观的模型。目前较成熟的模型为景观重建模型（LandscapeReconstructionAlgorithm），包括REVEALS模型（RegionalEstimatesofVegetationAbundancefromLargeSites，适用于面积≥1—5km。的沉积盆地植被重建）和LOVE模型（LocalVegetationEstimates，适用于面积为0．1～1．0km。的沉积盆地植被重建）。欧洲及我国不同区域相对花粉产量和REVEALS模型定量重建研究结果均表明，重建后的古植被景观能较好反映当地的古植被组成。

英文摘要：

Pollen productivity estimates are the necessary condition for quantitative reconstruction the paleovegetation and paleoclimate. Pollen productivity estimates include relative pollen productivity and absolute pollen productivity. Due to it is hard to get long-term and successive pollen records for absolute pollen productivity estimated, most palynologists tend to use relative pollen productivity to reconstruct paleovegetation. Relative pollen productivity estimates is the relative value for species to a reference taxon（ the reference taxon is frequently found in both modern and fossil pollen records）,it can be accomplished by ERV model. However,the accurate of the estimated results have strongly influenced by the vegetation survey methods and the assumptions of the model. In this paper, we try to introduce the vegetation survey methods and the models which were used to reconstruction the paleovegetation. Nowdays,the most common used method for reconstructing paleovegetation using pollen production estimates is Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm, which includes REVEALS model （Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Site, which fit the size of lake or mire ≥ 1 -5km2） and LOVE model （Local Vegetation Estimates,which fit the size of lake or mire 0.1 ~ 1.0km2）. Whoever European researchers use their relative pollen productivity and the REVEALS model to reconstruct vegetation succession in Denmark, Sweden, Swiss and our work on typical steppe and meadow steppe in Northern China, showing the results can reflect the paleovegetation reasonably. But,the studies on relative pollen productivity are still on first step, especially in China. The relative pollen productivities for the same pollen taxa vary clearly, and one place can not apply to others. So, we should centralize and develop research method to fit actual situation, and do more work to estimate relative pollen productivities of major pollen types in China.