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中文摘要：
micro RNAs（mi RNAs）是一类单链非编码的内源性小RNA分子,参与细胞、组织甚至个体的生长发育。以往人们主要研究的是肝脏组织中mi RNAs在肝脏相关疾病检测中的应用,随着2008年血液中mi RNAs的发现,循环mi RNAs在疾病检测中的研究逐渐成为热点。micro RNAs普遍存在于血液中,与肝癌、肝硬化等多种肝脏疾病的发生发展密切相关。本文介绍了循环mi RNAs的来源及其特异性、稳定性等特性,简述了循环mi RNAs传统和最新的检测方法及特点,总结了循环mi RNAs在肝癌、肝炎、肝硬化、药物性肝损伤等肝脏疾病检测中的研究进展。近年研究表明循环mi RNAs检测具有采样方便、稳定性好、灵敏度高、可连续监测等优势,在肝脏相关疾病的诊断和预测中发挥了越来越重要的作用,其临床意义及应用前景已引起高度关注。本文重点综述在前人的研究结果中有望成为肝脏相关疾病诊断和预后判断的循环mi RNAs分子标志物发现目前的很多研究只是停留在实验室阶段,尚缺乏简单有效的诊断方法和统一的诊断标准,未来研究的热点应集中在如何进一步提高有潜力的mi RNAs分子标志物的敏感性、特异性和标准化,使其真正应用于临床诊断。
英文摘要：
MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of small, single stranded, and non-coding endogenous RNAs, which not only affect the growth and development of organisms, but also participate in many diseases progresses. In the past, the study of liver tissue＇s MicroRNAs in the Detection of Liver Diseases is the major trend, with the discovery of miRNAs in blood at 2008, circulating miRNAs in disease detection has been a hot spot. MicroRNAs are widespread in the bloodstream and are closely related with liver cancer, liver cirrhosis and other liver disease, miRNAs surviving from endogenous RNase are stable and abundant in plasma, which indicates that they probably play an important role in tumor diagnosis. The title briefly introduces traditional and the latest detection methods and summarizes the advanced development in liver fibrosis, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. In recent years, studies have shown that circulating miRNAs detection has good stability, high sensitivity, and can be continuously monitored and other advantages. More and more attentions are paid to the clinical significance and application for specific miRNA detection and forcast in liver diseases so far. This article focuses on the circulating miRNAs which are expected to become the diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers. We discovered that many of the current study was only in the laboratory stage and was lack of simple and effective diagnostic methods and uniform diagnostic criteria. So the future research should focus on improving the sensitivity, specificity and standardization of the promising circulating miRNAs, making it really used in the clinical diagnosis.
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