中文摘要：

小核仁RNAs（small nucleolar RNAs，snoRNAs）是一类发现较早且位于核仁内的小非编码RNAs．在核糖体RNAs（ribosomal RNAs，rRNAs）、信使RNAs（messenger RNAs，mRNAs）、小核RNAs（small nuclear RNAs．snRNAs）的成熟及修饰中均发挥重要作用。snoRNAs的功能及其作用途径一直以来均是学术界的研究热点。目前，snoRNAs对rRNAs的化学修饰作用已得到广泛认可。另外，有研究表明snoRNAs与一些遗传疾病以及肿瘤性疾病的发生发展存在密切关联。近年来研究发现，部分snoRNAs经切割可生成更小的、有功能的RNAs。即小核仁RNAs衍生RNAs（snoRNAs derived RNAs，sdRNAs），这些sdRNAs中部分具有微小RNAs（microRNAs，miRNAs）的特征，可发挥类似miRNA的作用，这一发现极大地拓展了snoRNAs的作用机制方式。结合国内外研究现状，在总结snoRNAs的结构和基本功能的基础上对sdRNAs与miRNAs之间的相关性进行了综述,以期为后续的相关研究提供参考。

英文摘要：

Small nucleolar RNAs （snoRNAs） are a kind of small non-coding RNAs located in nucleolus. They play important roles in the maturation and modification of ribosomal RNAs （rRNAs）, messenger RNAs（mR NAs） and small nuclear RNAs （snRNAs）. The function and the mode of action of snoRNAs are always hot research areas. So far, the modification function of snoRNAs on rRNAs has been widely recognized and some studies have shown that snoRNAs are closely related to the occurrence and development of some ge- netic diseases and tumors. Interestingly, recent discoveries indicated that some snoRNAs could be processed to generate small lineage-specific conserved and functional RNAs after enzyme digestion, namely snoRNAs derived RNAs （sdRNAs）. These sdRNAs have the characteristics of microRNAs（miRNAs）. These discoveries about the relation between sdRNAs and miRNAs have widened the functional roles of snoRNAs in biological context. In order to provide references for subsequent research, the correlations between sdRNAs and miR- NAs were reviewed, which was based on the structure and basic function of snoRNAs.