中文摘要：

大陆克拉通是地球表面上相对稳定的构造单元.从地热学的角度考虑,克拉通岩石圈的稳定意味着地表热流等于对流地幔岩石圈底部提供的热流加上岩石圈内部由放射性衰变产生的热量.太古代稳定克拉通一般具有冷的地热特征,且处于热平衡状态.打破克拉通热平衡的因素有多种,如岩石圈地幔的放射性生热、来自深部的地幔柱、板块俯冲等.华北是全球古老克拉通遭受破坏最明显和最典型的地区,其破坏与中生代太平洋板块向东亚的深俯冲密切相关.古太平洋板块快速俯冲并停滞在地幔转换带脱水、形成宽约1 000 km的低粘大地幔楔,导致地幔对流增强.在活跃地幔对流的热侵蚀与橄榄岩—熔体相互作用共同作用下,华北克拉通在中生代期间迅速减薄.经过中生代加热减薄的华北克拉通岩石圈强度显著变弱,在俯冲板块后撤作用下,岩石圈拉张并迸一步减薄,地表热流升高.华北克拉通破坏是一个漫长的历程,期间大地热流的演化特征呈现出由中生代以前的低值演化至新生代的高值再过渡到现今的中等状态（接近全球大陆平均值）.

英文摘要：

Cratons are the stable units in the earth surface characterized by low heat flow pattern. From a geothermal point of view, areas of cratonic lithosphere are stable when surface heat flow is in equilibrium with the heat supply at the base of the lithosphere plus the heat generated by radioactive decay within the lithosphere. Many aspects could cause instability of the cratonic lithosphere, such as the radiogenic heat production within the lithosphere, mantle plumes, and subduction. The North China Craton （NCC） is a classic example of the destruction of an ancient craton, and the deep subduction of the Pacific Plate underneath East Asia is thought to have played a key role in its destruction. The ancient Pacific Plate subducted rapidly in the Mesozoic, and stagnated in the mantle transition zone. Hydrous Mg-Si minerals within the slab can continue to release fluids through dehydration reactions at the depth of the mantle transition zone, thereby forming a low-viscosity big mantle wedge （BMW） that can extend for up to 1 000 km from the Japan trench to East Asia. The combined thermal erosion via vigorous mantle convection and peridotite-meh interaction within the BMW may have resulted in significant thinning of the NCC lithosphere during the Mesozoic. The lithosphere after the Mesozoic erosion was becoming hotter and weaker relative to the cool and rigid ancient craton, meaning the entire NCC was becoming easier to deform. Slab rollback was initiated during the Late Cretaceous and was accompanied by extension of the thin and weak lithosphere, as well as the increasing of surface heat flow. Thus, the NCC destruction is a long-lasting process, when the heat flow was low at pre-Mesozoic, high in the Cenozoic, and medium （close to global continental average）at present.