中文摘要：

为了改善分析冷却水管效果的有限元算法中水管附近温度梯度高而要求水管附近单元尺寸布置细密的问题，在水管附近混凝土内构建热量平衡方程，利用等效热传导原理，推导出任意区间内的平均温度，进而提出一种将求解沿程水温所需水管外缘的高温度梯度转变为求解离水管不远距离处较低温度梯度的新算法。算例表明：该方法能适当地降低水管附近有限元网格的细密程度，计算精度较好，计算时间缩短。

英文摘要：

The elements near the cooling pipes are often needed to be arranged finely enough for the calculation of high temperature gradient by using the finite element method .To overcome this prob-lem ,the heat balance equation near the cooling pipes was constructed .And the average temperature of any interval was deduced by the theory of equivalent heat conduction .Then an improved method was proposed to convert the calculation of high temperature gradient on the edge of the cooling pipes to that of low temperature gradient near the cooling pipes . The example indicates that the improved method can effectively reduce the density of finite element mesh and yields accurate results ,w hich also spends less calculating time .