中文摘要：

Toll样受体（Toll—like receptors，TLRs）是进化中比较保守的一个受体家族，至少包括10个成员．TLRs能特异地识别病原相关的分子模式（PAMPs），不仅在激活天然免疫中发挥重要的作用，而且还调节获得性免疫，是连接天然免疫和获得性免疫的桥梁．近年来，TLRs信号转导的研究，特别是在负调控研究领域，进展非常迅速．对TLRs信号通路新进展以及TLRs在抗感染免疫中的作用进行了综述．

英文摘要：

Toll-like receptors （TLRs）, a large family consisting of at least 10 members, are evolutionarily conserved to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMPs）. TLRs activation not only initiates innate immunity, but also regulates enhance antigen-specific acquired immunity, and thus associates innate and adaptive immunity. In recent years, studies on the TLRs signaling, especially their negative regulation, rapidly progressed. TLRs signaling pathway and their roles in regulating immune responses against invading pathogens were reviewed.