中文摘要：

本文结合一手问卷调查资料和相关统计资料，从生态系统服务消费者的角度，对蒙古高原典型牧区生态系统服务中食物和燃料的消费进行实证分析，分析消费的空间差异及其影响因素，并将结果与我国内蒙古牧区的消费情况进行对比。结果表明：蒙古国粮食消费中以小麦为主，其他副食品以肉类和奶制品的消费为主，而家畜千粪和木柴则是蒙古国最主要的燃料来源；我国内蒙古牧区基本无马肉消费，蔬菜和秸秆人均消费量高于蒙古国。社会经济因素、生态系统服务的可获得性或可达性以及消费行为如消费偏好等，均影响人类对生态系统服务的消费模式和意愿，也影响研究区生态系统服务消费的空间差异。本文是对生态系统服务消费理论的实证研究，可以为整个蒙古高原牧区生态-环境-经济可持续发展提供科学依据。

英文摘要：

As a hotspot in field of ecological economics since the 1990s, ecosystem service and its value have been widely studied and evaluated. However, processes and characteristics of the supply, consumption and valuation on ecosystem services were still not well known. There is no systemic theory that can rationally explain and analyze behaviors of producers and consumers of ecosystem services. The presented study on human consumption of natural ecosystem services would shed light on the interactions between natural system and human system for sustainable management of ecosystems. Population growth with associated increasing interventions and the consumption of natural ecosystem services have caused significant changes in ecosystems. The Mongolian Plateau is one of the most frangible dry land ecosystems in the world which are likely to be affected by global climate change. Based on primary survey data and corresponding statistics, from the perspective of ecosystem service consumers, the food and fuelwood consumptions of ecosystem services in typical pastoral areas of Mongolia were empirically investigated. The spatial differences in the consumptions with their impacts were subsequently discussed. The results were compared with the consumption of ecosystem services in the pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia, P.R. China, indicating that Mongolians in the study area mainly consume wheat, a variety of meat and dairy products as food and consumes firewood and animal dung as important sources. Inner Mongolians in the study site consume little horse meat and more per capita consumption of vegetables and straw than do the Mongolians. Socio-economic factors, the availability or accessibility of ecosystem services as well as consumer behaviors, such as consumer preferences, jointly affect the human consumption patterns and willingness of ecosystem services, and affect the spatial differences in the ecosystem of consumer services. A series of natural and social effects caused by land use change have significant impacts on eco-en