中文摘要：

乏氧发生在乳腺癌和其他实体肿瘤中，是由于肿瘤细胞过度增殖超过了其血管的生长速度。乏氧导致由乏氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia-induciblefactor-1α，HIF-1α）调节的适应性反应，即肿瘤恶化并导致肿瘤细胞对治疗的抗拒。HIF-1α及其下游目标被认为是乏氧标志物。乏氧标志物是重要的预后因子，其测定可预测治疗结果，指导医生针对病人选择最优化治疗方案，达到提高临床疗效和预后的目的。

英文摘要：

Hypoxia occurs in breast cancer due to the tumor outgrowing the existing vasculature. Hypoxia leads to an adaptive response, orchestrated by HIF-1α （hypoxia- inducible factor- 1α）, that is crucial for tumor progres- sion and therapy resistance responsible for poor patient outcome. Downstream targets of HIF - 1α and itself HIF -1α were considered as hypoxia markers. The hypoxia signature is a significant prognostic factor. The identification of mo- lecular biomarkers with the potential to predict treatment outcome is essential for selecting patients to receive the most beneficial therapy and to improve the clinical efficacy and prognosis.