中文摘要：

植物地上部分（包括叶、茎、花、果等）的表面和内部存在有大量的不同类型的细菌、丝状真菌、酵母、藻类等微生物。这种植物地上部分的生境称为叶际（phyllosphere）,这些在叶际生存的微生物称为叶际微生物,它们发挥着重要的生态功能。吡虫啉是一种常用的烟碱类超高效杀虫剂,为了解它对叶际微生物产生的影响,采用磷脂脂肪酸分析（PLFA）方法评价了喷施吡虫啉杀虫剂后对桃树叶际微生物群落的影响。结果表明,桃树叶际真菌标记物18∶1ω9t磷脂脂肪酸含量最高,超过总磷脂脂肪酸含量的60%;经一遍净1号10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂的2 000倍液处理后,叶际微生物总磷脂脂肪酸的含量、种类均有所增加,明显有别于喷水对照。PLFA主成分分析（PCA）表明,喷有吡虫啉农药的叶片样品叶际微生物群落结构与喷水样品、空白对照样品差异明显,并且增加吡虫啉处理次数会增强其对叶际微生物群落影响的显著性。

英文摘要：

Indigenous microbial communities within the plant phyllosphere which are highly diverse include many different species of bacteria,filamentous fungi,yeasts and algae which play important ecological roles.The habitat of the above ground plants including leaf,stem,flower and fruit called phyllosphere.Although imidacloprid is one of the most widely used super-efficient neonicotinoid insecticide,little is known regarding the impacts of applying the insecticide on the microbial community in plant phyllosphere.In the present study,the impact of imidacloprid treatment on the microbial community of peach phyllosphere was assessed using culture-independent technique of phospholipid fatty acid（PLFA） analysis.Results showed that imidacloprid insecticide treatment led to a significant increase in both total biomass and species.PLFA profiles also indicated that the fungal unsaturated PLFA was predominant in peach phyllosphere.Principal component analysis of PLFAs data indicated that imidacloprid treatment did change the phyllosphere microbial community structure significantly.Phyllosphere microbial communities of imidacloprid and water treatments were extremely different.