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我国东南沿海午后短时降水极端峰值强度与湿度和地表气温的关联

ISSN号：1004-4965
期刊名称：《热带气象学报》
时间：0
分类：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室,北京100029, [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049, [3]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081
相关基金：国家重点基础研究发展计划（2010CB951900）;国家自然科学基金创新群体（41221064）;财政部/科技部公益性行业专项（GYHY201306068）共同资助

关键词：气候学, 极端降水, 统计分析, 短时降水, 地表气温, 相对湿度, climatology, extreme precipitation, statistical analysis, short duration precipitation, surface air temperature, relative humidity

中文摘要：

利用中国东南沿海地区55个站点的逐时降水、日平均地面温湿场、低空气温露点差及OISST海表温度资料,对午后短时降水的极端峰值强度与湿度和地表气温的关联进行分析.结果表明,东南沿海地区午后短时降水极端峰值强度随气温的变化趋势存在明显变化,日最高气温低于29℃时,峰值强度随气温升高而上升;日最高气温高于29℃时,峰值强度随气温升高而下降.分析水汽条件作用发现,峰值强度在高温条件下随气温的升高而下降的现象与相对湿度变化有关,日最高气温较高时,相对湿度随气温的升高而大幅减小.初步分析可知,当陆地达到较高温度并进一步增温时,附近海域海表温度变化不大,使得洋面水汽含量增加较少.在陆地水汽主要来自于海洋的情况下,伴随陆地的进一步升温,地表相对湿度将减小.

英文摘要：

Using hourly rainfall intensity,daily surface temperature and humidity,low-level dew point differences at 55 stations in the southeast coast of China,and sea surface temperature from OISST in the coastal region,this paper analyzes the connection between extreme peak intensity of afternoon short-lived precipitation and humidity as well as surface air temperature.It pointed out that the dependency of extreme peak intensity of afternoon short-lived precipitation on temperature has a significant transition.When daily highest surface temperature is below （above） 29 ℃,peak rainfall intensity shows an ascending （descending） tendency with rising temperature.Having investigated the role of moisture condition in the variation of afternoon short-lived precipitation and temperature,this paper discovered that the descending tendency of peak rainfall intensity with temperature is connected with relative humidity variation.When daily highest temperature becomes high,relative humidity decreases dramatically as temperature increases.Sea surface temperature rarely changes in this further increasing of surface air temperature.Depending on temperature variation,water vapor content at seas could not increase greatly.Therefore,as land water vapor is mainly contributed by adjacent seas,the decline of relative humidity over land would cause further rise in land surface temperature.