中文摘要：

双电层中的电位对研究土壤颗粒相互作用、土壤中营养元素的有效性等有着重要意义。本文建立了一种测定表面和Stern面电位的新方法,当考虑离子在强表面电场中的极化作用时,准确描述了Stern面电位;当考虑离子空间位阻与极化作用的耦合时,获得了颗粒的表面电位。结果发现：只有作为点电荷的H＋（无空间位阻和极化作用）才能作为信号传输表征带电颗粒表面性质,测得的表面电位约为Stern面电位的5倍;从电位分布来看,Stern层中的电位服从线性下降,而扩散层中服从Boltzmann分布,且Stern层的下降速度远远大于扩散层中电位下降速度。

英文摘要：

Potential in electric double layer is a principal parameter of significant importance in researches on particle-particle interactions and availability of nutrient elements in soil. In this study, a new method was designed to determine surface potenlial and Stern potential. This method can used to describe Stern potential by taking into account polarization of the strong surface electric field and to obtain surface potential of soil particles by taking into account the effect of coupling of ion sterie hindrance and polarization. Tests of the method reveal that only point charge H ＋ （ no steric hindrance and polarization） can be used as signal transmission to characterize charged particle surface. The surface potential determitred is 5 times as high as Stern potential. In the light of distribution of the potential, the potential declines linearly in the Stern layer, and follows the Bohzmann pattern in distribution in the diffuse layer, and the descent is much faster in the Stern laver than in the diffuse layer.