中文摘要：

【目的】观察发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫中ERα、PR mRNA和蛋白的表达变化。【方法】采用实时荧光定量PCR技术和免疫组织化学SP法分别对发情期、发情后期、间情期和发情前期牦牛子宫中ERα和PR mRNA及ERα和PR蛋白的表达特点进行了研究。【结果】发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫内膜和肌层中均有ERαmRNA和PR mRNA的表达,ERα和PR蛋白免疫阳性产物表达于子宫腔上皮细胞、腺上皮细胞、基质细胞、血管内皮细胞和子宫肌层平滑肌细胞中;子宫内膜中ERαmRNA和PR mRNA在发情后期表达最强,间情期显著下降（P〈0.05）,发情前期回升;ERα和PR蛋白表达在发情期最强而间情期最弱;子宫肌层中ERαmRNA和PR mRNA的表达在发情期较高,发情后期显著下降（P〈0.05）,间情期降到最低,发情前期显著回升（P〈0.05）,且达到最高值;ERα和PR蛋白发情期表达最强,间情期最弱,但其间无显著差异（P〉0.05）。【结论】ERα和PR在牦牛子宫内膜和肌层中随发情周期不同呈周期性变化,参与调节发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫内膜及肌层功能的发挥。

英文摘要：

【Objective】The objective of the study was to investigate the differences in expression of mRNAs and proteins for ERα and PR in Yak uterus at different stages of the estrous cycle.【Method】 Fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and streptavidin-perosidase（SP） immunohistochemistry were used to determine the levels of mRNAs and proteins.【Result】The results showed that ERα mRNA and PR mRNA were expressed in both endometrium and myometrium of Yak uterus.ERα and PR immunoreactivity expressed in surface epithelium cells,gland epithelium cells,stromal cells,endometrial blood vessel and myometrial smooth muscle cells.In endometrium,high expression of ERα mRNA and PR mRNA was observed at metestrus,significantly decreased at diestrus（P0.05）,then re-increased at proestrus.ERα and PR exhibited stronger immunoreactive at estrus compared to that at diestrus.In myometrium,ERα mRNA and PR mRNA were highly expressed at estrus,significantly decreased at metestrus（P0.05）,lowest at diestrus,and re-increased to its highest at proestrus（P0.05）;ERα and PR exhibited stronger immunoreactive labeling at estrus compared to that at diestrus,but showed no significant differences（P0.05）.【Conclusion】 In conclusion,mRNAs and proteins for ERα and PR in Yak uterus were differed between endometrium and myometrium at different stages of the estrous cycle.The differences suggested that ERα and PR play important roles in Yak uterus during the estrous cycle.