中文摘要：

通过除草剂骠马对草鱼的急性毒性试验，确定其96hLC50为0．078mg·L^-1。用骠马96hLC50的1／3剂量染毒草鱼，抽取染毒前后的草鱼血液提取基因组DNA，选用20个随机引物对草鱼基因组DNA进行RAPD扩增，研究了除草剂骠马对草鱼的遗传毒性。结果表明，在所选用的20个随机引物中，S12、S14、S20能检测出用骠马染毒前后草鱼基因组DNA的差异，除草剂骠马对草鱼具有一定的遗传毒性。RAPD技术可运用于检测鱼类的基因突变情况。

英文摘要：

The acute toxicity of Puma super to grass carps was studied, and LC50 value for the fish at 96 h was 0.078 mg·L^-1. Puma super were injected into grass carps with the dosage of 0.026 mg· kg^-1（1/3 of LC50 at 96 h）. Blood were drawn from caudal vein before and after injection with heparin sodium anti-coagulated syringes. Then 30 μL of blood were added to 470 μL of saline EDTA-Tris buffer. After adding final concentrations of 20% SDS and 10 mg· mL^-1 proteinase K, the mixture was incubated overnight at 55℃. The DNA was extracted and purified by successive extractions with phenol, phenol：chloroform：isoamyl alcohol （25：24：1） and chloroform. Then the DNA was precipitated with icecold absolute ethanol and washed with 70% ethanol. The DNA pellet was dried and resuspended in Tris-EDTA buffer （pH 8.0）. The DNAs in every experimental group were mixed and diluted 10-100 times for the PCR template. 20 arbitrary primers （purchased from Shanghai Sangon Biotechnology Corporation, product code： S1-S20） were used to amplify the genomic DNA of grass carp. The amplification reaction was performed in 2.5 μL 10xPCR-Buffer, 2 μL 25 mmol·L^-1 MgCl2, 1 μL dNTPs, 0.5 μL Taq DNA polymerase, 2μL primer, 5 μL template DNA, and ddw in a final volume of 25 μL. The reaction parameters were： predenaturing for 5 min at 94 %, then denaturing for 1 min at 94 ℃, annealing for 1 min at 36 ℃, prolonging for 2 min at 72 ℃, reaction recycling 40 times, and finally prolonging for 10 min at 72 %, The amplified products were separated on 1.4% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide, and were observed and photographed under UV light. The blood of grass carp was used for RAPD analysis with 20 random primers. The results showed that the primer S12, S14, S20 produced different amplified fragments of grass carp genomic DNA after injection of puma super, which indicates that this herbicide has genetic toxicity to grass carp at a certain concentration and time. The results indicate that the mutagenieity of herbici